AX –GRB draw-gear
AX –GRB draw-gear is designed for special freight cars (e.g. wagons for car transport) which have a specific chamber coupling. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the TSI standard. The main advantage of the AX-GRB draw-gear is very short housing. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad® solid elastomer. The EuroPad® elastomer pads are made of the highest quality materials, which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C and durability 1000 [kN].
KX-AM-3 draw-gear
The KX-AM-3 draw-gear is designed for freight cars and locomotives. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures energy absorption of 20 kJ. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters. The elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. It has the Rail Transport Office and TSI certificates.
RG 12 draw-gear with rubber shock absorber
RG 12 draw-gear with the SNCF rubber shock absorber is designed for freight cars and locomotives. It meets the requirements of the EN 15556 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures energy absorption of 15 kJ. The device features a rubber shock absorber with steel spacers, which ensures premium technical parameters. The rubber pads are made of the finest quality materials owing to which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA and TSI certificates.
RG 12-1250 kN draw-gear
RG 12-1250 kN draw-gear is designed for freight cars and locomotives. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures energy absorption of 15 kJ. The draw-gear is equipped with a rubber shock absorber with steel spacers, which ensures optimum technical parameters. The rubber pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the TSI certificate.
RG 15 draw-gear
RG 15 draw-gear is designed for freight and passenger cars. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures energy absorption of 15 kJ. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters (available also with TecsPak). The EuroPad elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA and TSI certificates.
RG 15-1250 draw-gear
RG 15-1250 draw-gear is designed for freight and passenger cars. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures energy absorption of 15 kJ. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the TecsPak solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters. The elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the TSI certificate.
RG 20 draw-gear
RG 20 draw-gear is designed for freight, passenger cars and locomotives. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and it ensures energy absorption of 20 kJ. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters (available also with TecsPak). The EuroPad elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA and TSI certificates.
RG 20-160-1500 draw-gear
RG 20-160-1500 draw-gear is designed for freight cars equipped with 1500 kN reinforced screw couplings. The device meets the requirements of the EN 15556 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures transfer of loads up to 1500 kN and energy absorption on the level of 27 kJ. It is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters (available also with TecsPak). The EuroPad elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA and TSI certificates.
73ZWY draft gear (class T2) the requirements of: GOST 3475-81, AAR-901 and UIC 524.It is designed for cars equipped with automatic couplers. It can also be installed in any car with enough space for shock absorbing units compliant with the standards. 73ZWY is a module interchangeable with the previously used friction or hydraulic absorbing equipment, and is fitted with a high-performance elastomer shock absorber as well as an additional elastic element made of solid elastomer, working in conjunction with the equipment. The main advantages of the device include high durability and reliability while operating within a wide range of temperatures from -60ºC to +50ºC.
EuroPad® elastomer sets for draft gears are produced from high performance thermoplastic polymer. AXTONE has a possibility of production of different type of elastomer shock absorbers, depending on application. The working parameters can be modified according to customer’s needs and designed for special applications.
In freight wagons either coil springs or leaf springs (conventional or parabolic springs) are used.
If coil springs are chosen, spring sets with a two-stage characteristic or TKS springs with a progressive characteristic are usually installed.
Spring set with two-stage characteristic means that two linear coil springs with different length are put together one into the other. Therefore the inner spring has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the outer spring. The inner spring also has a smaller wire diameter and a shorter length. Linear coil spring means a cylindrical coil spring with constant diameter and constant wire diameter. The spring ends are either “closed and ground” or “taper rolled, closed and ground”.
Due to the shorter length of the inner coil spring in tare condition, only the outer spring is loaded, the inner spring being unstressed. When the wagon is loaded, the load will be applied on the inner spring as well at the point where the outer spring is compressed to the length of the inner spring. At this contact point the spring characteristic changes, because now the stiffness values of the inner and the outer spring are added.
The lower spring stiffness at tare load provides a better resistance against derailment, the higher stiffness at full load limits the deflection to avoid too low bumper heights. The two springs of one set must have different coiling directions (one left, one right hand coiled).
As the inner spring is unloaded in tare condition, it can move inside the outer spring and produce noise. The sudden change of the stiffness is as well unfavourable if the wagon is only partly loaded. The TKS spring was designed in order to avoid these disadvantages. A single spring with a progressive characteristic due to an inconstant inclination of the coils and an inconstant cross section of the wire can now replace a spring set. The smooth and continuous transition of the stiffness ensures a better ride quality, especially if the wagon is not fully loaded.
There are also freight wagons either with single axles or with bogies which are equipped with leaf springs. Very old wagons have conventional leaf springs, parabolic springs being mounted in more modern designs. Parabolic springs are usually designed as two-stage springs which have a gap between the main leaves and the helper leaf. In tare condition only the main leaves are loaded, the spring stiffness thus being low. When adding a certain load, the gap between the main leaves and the helper leaf is closed and the spring stiffness therefore increases.
If the load difference between tare load and full load is rather low and the tare weight is rather high (for example in car transport wagons), linear parabolic springs should be used. All spring types can be supplied for axle loads of 20 t, 22.5 t or 25 t. Higher axle loads are also possible, if there is enough space available for the springs.
Production of rings used for friction springs which meet the requirements of the chart UIC 827-2 takes place in the Czech company owned by the Group. The springs are manufactured in a wide range of various diameters from 80 to 400 mm. The rings are used in friction springs of Ringfeder type applied in buffers, tractive apparatuses, pull rod bars and automatic couplers.
Features:
- Hot formed, highest quality materials;
- Various shapes possible;
- Linear characteristic;
- Safe against overloading;
- Big damping due to friction;
- Characteristic independent of the speed;
- Characteristic independent of the temperature;
- Proven in rail applications.
Basic technical dates of friction springs:
| F Spring terminal force Se Stroke for 1 element We Spring work for 1 element he Height of 1 element | d1 Inner diameter b/2 Half ring width D2 Guide outer diameter d2 Guide inner diameter |
Example of spring calculation
This spring consists of 4 elements type 19600:
- End force = 600 kN
- Stroke = 4 x 4,4 (Se ) = 17,6 mm
- Spring work (Absorbed energy) = 4 x 1300 (We) = 5200 J
- Spring length = 4 x 23,4 (he) = 93,6 mm
By adding additional elements, we increase the stroke (length of the spring), the absorbed energy (spring work) but the end force will remain the same. End force still 600 kN.
During the operation of the friction spring two thirds of the input energy is dissipated as frictional heat. The recoil force at any point on the diagram is approximately equal 1 / 3 of the relative compressive force F. The capacity of the spring is represented by the total area shown below the load curve.
Friction springs are generally designed to „block”, so it is therefore ensured that the admissible stresses cannot be exceeded and the friction spring will not be damaged.
Applications:
- Buffers;
- Draw gears;
- Draw bars;
- (Semi) automatic couplers