AX-KL6 crash buffer
AX-KL6 crash buffer meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard. It is equipped with a set of shock absorbers composed of several elastic pads made of the EuroPad solid elastomer, as well as the Combigard T 105 hydraulic shock absorber. Both shock absorbers have proved their infallibility and functional reliability during many years of operation. The operating principle of the Crash module is based on plastic deformation of a piece of metal being sheared out of the external surface of the buffer body. The main advantages of the solution include a low level of forces during collision, their stable dissipation and the possibility to establish when the crash module should be activated. Additionally, by increasing the area of section being sheared out, it is possible to increase the amount of energy absorbed depending on the client’s needs. The buffer is equipped with a disk of the width of 450. The buffer has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C.
AX-ZKL1 crash buffer
AX-ZKL1 crash buffer meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard. It is equipped with a set of shock absorbers composed of several elastic pads made of the EuroPad solid elastomer, as well as the Combigard E 105 hydraulic shock absorber. Both shock absorbers have proved their infallibility and functional reliability during many years of operation. The operating principle of the Crash module is based on plastic deformation of a piece of metal being sheared out of the external surface of the buffer body. The main advantages of the solution include a low level of forces during collision, their stable dissipation and the possibility to establish when the crash module should be activated. Additionally, by increasing the area of section being sheared out, it is possible to increase the amount of energy absorbed depending on the client’s needs. The buffer is delivered with a disk of the width of 450. The device has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C.
AX-ZKC1 crash buffer
AX-ZKC1 crash buffer meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard. It is equipped with a set of shock absorbers composed of several elastic pads made of the EuroPad solid elastomer, as well as the Combigard T105 hydraulic shock absorber. Both shock absorbers have proved their infallibility and functional reliability during many years of operation. The operating principle of the Crash module is based on plastic deformation of a piece of metal being sheared out of the external surface of the buffer body. The main advantages of the solution include a low level of forces during collision, their stable dissipation and the possibility to establish when the crash module should be activated. Additionally, by increasing the area of section being sheared out, it is possible to increase the amount of energy absorbed depending on the client’s needs. The buffer is provided with a 340x650 disk. The device has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C.
Buffer with intermediate plate and Combigard R 105
The buffer with an intermediate plate meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard. It is equipped with a set of shock absorbers featuring several friction springs as well as Combigard R 105 hydraulic shock absorber. Both shock absorbers have proved their infallibility and functional reliability during many years of operation. The buffer casing is manufactured in a unique process of hot extrusion. The buffer has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA certificate.
Buffer with intermediate plate and Combigard T 105
The buffer with an intermediate plate meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standards. It is equipped with a set of shock absorbers featuring several friction springs as well as the Combigard T 105 hydraulic shock absorber. Both shock absorbers have proved their infallibility and functional reliability during many years of operation. The buffer casing is manufactured in a unique process of hot extrusion. The buffer has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA certificate.
KX-ZP5 Buffer
A light rail-vehicle buffer that meets the requirements of the EN15551 standard, the UIC 528 leaflet as well as the related leaflets (except the buffer disk size). The shock absorber unit consists of the preliminary absorber featuring disk springs and the main elastomer shock absorber. Both solutions have already proved their infallibility and functional reliability during many years of operation. The buffer is characterized by good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40ºC to +50ºC. Free-flowing elastomer retains its properties for many years. The material is also recyclable.
KX-ZP2 Buffer
A passenger car buffer that meets the requirements of the EN15551 standard, the UIC 528 leaflet as well as the related leaflets. The buffer is characterized by good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40ºC to +50ºC The buffer disk’s surface is hardened. High durability of the buffer has been confirmed by the operating tests conducted in accordance with the ERRI B51 guidelines. It has the EBA and Railway Transport Office certificates.
Keystone ES110 Buffer
A buffer for passenger car equipped with a combigard ES110 hydraulic shock absorber. The product meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard and the UIC 528 leaflet as well as the related leaflets. The buffer is characterized by good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40ºC to +50ºC. The buffer is available in in the following variants: a buffer disk with a plastic pad a disk without the plastic pad, as well as 360x660 and 360x720 disks. The buffer disk with a plastic insert extends the buffer’s service life and reduces the operating costs. The main advantage of this buffer is the simple structure which guarantees long usage and minimum scope of regular maintenance. The product has the EBA certificate.
Keystone S110 Buffer
A buffer for passenger car equipped with a shock absorber featuring elastic components made of solid elastomer. The product meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard and the UIC 528 leaflet as well as the related leaflets. The buffer is characterized by good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40ºC to +50ºC. The buffer is available in in the following variants: a buffer disk with a plastic pad a disk without the plastic pad, as well as 360x660 and 360x720 disks. The buffer disk with a plastic insert extends the buffer’s service life and reduces the operating costs. The main advantage of this buffer is the simple structure which guarantees long usage and minimum scope of regular maintenance. The product has the EBA certificate.
Keystone 15 kJ buffer with friction spring
A buffer for passenger car equipped with a set of friction springs. The product meets the requirements of the EN 15551 standard and the UIC 528 leaflet, as well as the related leaflets. The buffer is characterized by good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40ºC to +50ºC. It is manufactured in two options: a buffer disk including a plastic pad and a disk without a pad. The buffer disk with a plastic pad extends the buffer’s service life and reduces the operating costs. The main advantage of this buffer is the simple structure which guarantees long usage and minimum scope of regular maintenance. The product has the EBA certificate.
RG 20 Draw-Gear
RG 20 draw-gear is designed for freight cars and locomotives. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and it ensures energy absorption of 20 kJ. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters (available also with TecsPak). The EuroPad elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has the EBA and TSI certificates.
RG 20F Draw-Gear
The RG20F draw-gear is designed for passenger cars. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 567-3, UIC 520 leaflet, and enables absorbing energy up to 20 kJ. The draw-gear is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters (available also with TecsPak). The EuroPads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. The product has EBA certificate.
RG 15F Draw-Gear
The draw gear type RG15 is designed for passenger cars .It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as UIC 567-3, UIC 520 leaflets, and enables absorbing energy up to 15 kJ. The draw-gear is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters (available also with TecsPak). The EuroPads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the range of temperatures from -40°C to +50°C. The product has EBA certificate.
KX-AM-3 Draw-Gear
The KX-AM-3 draw-gear is designed for passnger cars. It meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard, as well as the UIC 520 leaflet, and ensures energy absorption of 20 kJ. The device is equipped with elastic components made of the EuroPad solid elastomer ensuring premium technical parameters. The elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials which maintain their characteristics for many years. The material is also recyclable. Due to its compact structure, the device has relatively low weight. The draw-gear has good working parameters and operational reliability within the temperature range from -40°C to +50°C. It has the Rail Transport Office and TSI certificates.
RG 20-1500 LF Draw-Gear
RG 20-1500 LF draw-gear is designed for locomotives, and it features a mounting flange. The draw-gear is equipped with elastic components ensuring premium technical parameters. The elastomer pads are made of the finest quality materials. The device meets the requirements of the EN 15566 standard. The product has the EBA certificate.
Draft gear T2
73ZWY draft gear (class T2) the requirements of: GOST 3475-81, AAR-901 and UIC 524.It is designed for cars equipped with automatic couplers. It can also be installed in any car with enough space for shock absorbing units compliant with the standards. 73ZWY is a module interchangeable with the previously used friction or hydraulic absorbing equipment, and is fitted with a high-performance elastomer shock absorber as well as an additional elastic element made of solid elastomer, working in conjunction with the equipment. The main advantages of the device include high durability and reliability while operating within a wide range of temperatures from -60ºC to +50ºC.
Elastomer shock absorber designed for heavy locomotives. KX-100 shock absorber has good working parameters and operational reliability within the required range of temperatures. The free-flowing elastomer maintains its properties for many years. The material is also recyclable. The shock absorber’s technical parameters meet the most demanding requirements of the clients, thus it can be used in the heaviest duty applications – currently it is used in a trains of 20 000 tons.
In passenger locomotives coil springs are used as primary and as secondary suspension. Due to space and load requirements regarding the primary springs, linear spring sets are usually used.
Linear coil spring means a cylindrical coil spring with constant diameter and constant wire diameter. The spring ends are either “closed and ground” or “taper rolled, closed and ground”.
Linear spring set means that two linear coil springs with the same length are put together one into the other. Therefore the inner spring has a smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the outer spring. The inner spring also has a smaller wire diameter. The two springs of one set must have different coiling directions (one left, one right hand coiled).
The coil springs used in the secondary suspension of locomotives are usually single linear coil springs. As the lateral deflections are quite high, the springs must have a bigger length than primary springs. The direction of the lateral displacement under vertical load (“chasse”) is marked on the springs and they have to be mounted into the vehicle according to the correct orientation of this marking.
As the strain (load amplitudes and their frequency) of the springs is also depending on the speed of the train, which for passenger trains is usually higher than for freight trains, the springs for passenger locomotives require a high material grade and production quality.
Production of rings used for friction springs which meet the requirements of the chart UIC 827-2 takes place in the Czech company owned by the Group. The springs are manufactured in a wide range of various diameters from 80 to 400 mm. The rings are used in friction springs of Ringfeder type applied in buffers, tractive apparatuses, pull rod bars and automatic couplers.
Features:
- Hot formed, highest quality materials;
- Various shapes possible;
- Linear characteristic;
- Safe against overloading;
- Big damping due to friction;
- Characteristic independent of the speed;
- Characteristic independent of the temperature;
- Proven in rail applications.
Basic technical dates of friction springs:
| F Spring terminal force Se Stroke for 1 element We Spring work for 1 element he Height of 1 element | d1 Inner diameter b/2 Half ring width D2 Guide outer diameter d2 Guide inner diameter |
Example of spring calculation
This spring consists of 4 elements type 19600:
- End force = 600 kN
- Stroke = 4 x 4,4 (Se ) = 17,6 mm
- Spring work (Absorbed energy) = 4 x 1300 (We) = 5200 J
- Spring length = 4 x 23,4 (he) = 93,6 mm
By adding additional elements, we increase the stroke (length of the spring), the absorbed energy (spring work) but the end force will remain the same. End force still 600 kN.
During the operation of the friction spring two thirds of the input energy is dissipated as frictional heat. The recoil force at any point on the diagram is approximately equal 1 / 3 of the relative compressive force F. The capacity of the spring is represented by the total area shown below the load curve.
Friction springs are generally designed to „block”, so it is therefore ensured that the admissible stresses cannot be exceeded and the friction spring will not be damaged.
Applications:
- Buffers;
- Draw gears;
- Draw bars;
- (Semi) automatic couplers